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在涡度协方差系统中,如何确保测量准确?

2017-11-23

测量仪器本身是否会对测量结果造成偏差?
                                                 ——在涡度协方差系统中,如何确保测量准确


        三维超声风速仪是涡度协方差测量系统中的核心测量组件。有研究表明,在对风速进行测量时,哪怕超声风速仪传感器的体积很小,也会对风速测量结果产生偏差【1,2,3,4,5,6】。另外,如果采用合体式设计思路,即把三维超声风速仪和气体分析仪合二为一。由于气体分析仪位于三维超声风速仪采样空间内部或与其非常接近【7,8】风速的测量误差就会很大(图1)。

三维超声风速仪

图1 若物体距离三维超声风速仪太近,如气体分析仪,就会导致其风速测量不可靠。

 
        理论上,涡度协方差系统最好测量同一涡旋的风速和其对应的气体密度。但在实际测量时,却不能这样。合体式设计思路,由于其测量组件本身就会对涡旋造成扰动,这种扰动所导致的测量误差很难被量化,且不可进行后续订正【6,7,8,9】。
 
那怎么办呢?研究表明,一个简单的解决方案就是采用分体式思路:三维超声风速仪和气体分析仪以一定间距(10-20cm)分开测量。这种分体式测量,只需对原始数据做一个简单的数据订正就可以得到准确结果【10,11,12】。
 
LI-COR的涡度协方差测量系统以严谨的科研成果为依据,采用分体式设计思路(图2),确保了涡度通量数据的准确、可靠。

 LI-COR分体式涡度协方差测量系统

图2 LI-COR分体式涡度协方差测量系统设计思路

 
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