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IPTG is commonly used in cloning procedures that require induction of β-galactosidase activity. It is used in conjunction with X-Gal or Bluo-Gal in blue-white selection of recombinant bacterial colonies that induce expression of the
lac operon in
Escherichia coli. IPTG functions by binding to the
lacI repressor and altering its conformation, which prevents the repression of the β-galactosidase coding gene
lacZ.