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Ethidium bromide (EtBr) is the most commonly used nucleic acid stain for PAGE or agarose gel electrophoresis. The fluorescence of EtBr increases 21-fold upon binding to double-stranded RNA and 25-fold on binding double-stranded DNA so that destaining the background is not necessary with a low stain concentration (10 μg/ml). Ethidium bromide has been used in a number of fluorimetric assays for nucleic acids.
It has been shown to bind to single-stranded DNA (although not as strongly) and triple-stranded DNA.
Because of its ability to bind to DNA, EtBr is an inhibitor of DNA polymerase.
Frameshift mutagen which intercalates double-stranded DNA and RNA.